The Preakness
Stakes
In the spring of 1873,
two years before the inaugural Kentucky
Derby, the folks at Pimlico were busy working
on a new three-year old stakes race of their
own. Pimlico, which since its opening in
1870 had conducted all of its racing in
the fall, ran its first Spring Meet in the
year of 1873, with the initial running of
the Preakness held on May 23. The Preakness
was founded by then-Maryland governor Oden
Bowie. Governor Bowie's term had actually
ended in 1872, yet that did not prevent
him from naming the then- mile and a half
race in honor of the colt who won the Dinner
Party Stakes in 1870 on the occasion of
Pimlico's opening. At an 1868 Saratoga party
hosted by a Milton Sanford, Bowie guaranteed
that Maryland would have a track available
for a race that was later dubbed the Dinner
Party Stakes and had been instantly promoted
by Bowie at the party when he offered $15,000
as a purse--no small sum at the time.
The Maryland Jockey Club negotiated for the land that became known as Pimlico
later that year; the new course opened as promised on October 25, 1870. Sanford,
who had gained his wealth by selling blankets during the Civil war, went after
the $15,000 with a colt of his own named Preakness, who won over all the horses
of the race, including one owned by the governor which came in last. Nevertheless,
it was Bowie who named the eventual second jewel of the Triple Crown. (The Dinner
Party Stakes, later changed to the Early Times Dixie, is now the eighth oldest
stakes race in America and still run annually at Pimlico.) On May 23, 1873 the
first edition of the Preakness took place. Interestingly, the setting was familiar
to that of the inaugural Derby. The crowds made it to the grounds by buggy carriage
and omnibus, although a projected horsecar line from Baltimore and Pikesville
was unfortunately terminated two miles south of the track. Still, some fans did
arrive via the Northern Central Railroad which brought spectators closer to the
track--a walk of only one uphill mile. The race itself claimed seven contestants,
with Survivor galloping to an easy ten length victory, a margin of victory that
still stands as the largest in Preakness history. After flourishing for almost
two decades, the Maryland Jockey Club ran into tough financial times after the
1889 running. In 1890 the Preakness was run at Morris Park in New York, and in
1891, 1892, and 1893 it wasn't run at all. From 1894 to 1908 the Preakness was
held at the Gravesend track in Brooklyn, New York. Although the Maryland Jockey
Club held some steeplechase and trotting races at Pimlico, the Preakness did
not return to its Baltimore home until 1909. It wasn't until 1948 that these
fifteen "lost races" were incorporated into the official race history, with the
1890 running not added until the 1960s. Nevertheless, ever since the May 12,
1909 Preakness, won by Effendi, the Preakness has been held at Pimlico every
year. It didn't take long for the Preakness to grow into a force in horse racing:
in 1918 26 horses were entered, forcing the race to be run in two divisions.
The next year, a colt named Sir Barton became the first Triple Crown winner.
Man O'War, who skipped his one chance at the Derby, helped establish the Preakness
into a "true American classic" when he romped in the 1920 edition. The place
of the Preakness Stakes in the Triple Crown and American sport is firm, with
the race garnering nearly a half million people in attendance over the last five
years.
The Weather Vane
The Kentucky Derby has "My Old Kentucky Home;" the Preakness Stakes
has "Maryland, My Maryland." The Kentucky Derby has the blanket of roses; the
Preakness Stakes has the blanket of black-eyed susans. But one thing the Preakness
Stakes has that the Derby does not is the famed and historic weather vane, a
Preakness tradition since 1909. Here, in the words of the official Preakness
site, is a description of this tradition: "As soon as the Preakness winner has
been declared official, a painter climbs a ladder to the top of a replica of
the Old Clubhouse cupola. He applies the colors of the victorious owner's silks
on the jockey and horse which are part of the weather vane atop the infield structure." Back
in 1909 a horse and rider weather vane sat at the top of the old Members' Clubhouse,
which was constructed at the opening of Pimlico in 1870. That building was destroyed
by fire in June 1966, and a replica of the old building's cupola (a small structure
on top of a roof or building) was built to stand in the Preakness winner's circle
in the infield.
Originally the building had an arrow-shaped weather vane, but that one was destroyed
by lightning in 1909. To replace it, the Maryland Jockey Club "commissioned an
ornamental iron worker to forge a vane in the form of a horse and a rider. It
was christened that spring by coating it with the colors of the silks borne by
Effendi, winner of the 1909 Preakness." When the old Members' Clubhouse burned
down the only thing saved was the iron weather vane, which was then put away
for safekeeping at Pimlico as a memento. Since 1988 Lawrence Jones, who lives
in the Pimlico neighborhood, has had the job of keeping the weather vane up-to-date.
Past weather vane painter Michael Willinger had this to say about the famous
contract work: "It is just the thrill of being able to participate in a big local
and national event like this. Let's face it: it's the only televised sign painting
job in the country." How true. How The Preakness Stakes Was Named.
Like a lot of names throughout America, the name Preakness is derived from Native
American culture. A northern New Jersey band of Indians called the Minisi labeled
their area Pra-qua-les, meaning "quail woods." After some inventive respellings,
the name evolved into Preakness. One variation of the name was Preckiness, used
by General George Washington to describe where his troops were stationed during
the 1776-77 winter. Milton Sanford, who we saw earlier in connection with the
Dinner Party Stakes, called his farms (he had one in New Jersey and one in Kentucky)
Preakness. Oddly enough, his New Jersey farm was located in the Indians' "quail
woods," and there remains today a Preakness, New Jersey. Sanford, without much
regard, purchased a yearling that was bred in Kentucky's Woodburn Farm, the eighth
foal of a horse named Bay Leaf, for $2,000. He named it Preakness. Needless to
say, it was this horse that as a three-year old went on to win the Dinner Party
Stakes at Pimlico's inaugural in 1870. That was the horses only race of 1870,
although he did continue to race through his eight-year old season, even winning
races at that age. In 1873, the Maryland Jockey Club honored him by calling its
newest stakes race "Preakness," while the Dinner Party Stakes evolved into the
present-day Dixie Handicap. After his eighth year of racing Sanford sent Preakness
to England, where he was eventually purchased by the Duke of Hamilton. Yet like
most of us, Preakness developed a temper in old age and became tough to handle.
But unlike most of us, Preakness was shot and killed by his owner the Duke of
Hamilton, who apparently had also grown a tad irritable. So, the legacy of Preakness
is twofold: one, he supplied the name for the second jewel of the Triple Crown,
and two, he touched off a reform in English law which governed the handling of
animals. What a champion.
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